SCHOLAR ISLAND
Bankers
" A man comes to our green-covered table in Florence, in Rome, or after 1400 it might be Naples, after 1402 Venice. He wants money. He is a merchant most probably, in any even creditworthy, otherwise we won't deal with him. He wants, say, 1,000 florins. Why should we give it to him, if we can't ask for interest? He isn't a friend or relative. He offers us an exchange deal. he will take the florins and repay us in pounds sterling, in London. No harm in that. The cashier consults with the branch consults with the branch director. Depending on the conditions of his contract, the director may have to write to the head office. But eventually the money is brought from the strongbox. In return, the merchant-or he might be a magistrate-writes us a cambiale, or bill of exchange.
In the year of our Lord 1417 June 15, in Florence,
1000 Florins
Pay as is the custom 1000 Florins at 40 pence to the florin to whoever is appointed by Giovanni de' Medici and partners in London. May Christ protect you.
He signs the note. But it is not the signature that is important. It is all the handwriting on the bill. Whoever is to pay out the cash in London will have an example of that handwriting and match it carefully with the bill. In general, all the branches of the Medici banks and all those acting as correspondents for them will have examples of the handwriting of all the managers who have the authority to order payments."
Tim Parks
Medici Money
"The process by which banks create money is so simple that the mind is repelled."
John Kenneth Galbraith
"It is very difficult to remove from the minds of many people the impression that banks lend the money deposited with them."
testimony of the secretary of the New Zealand Treasury in 1955 before a Royal Commission on Banking
"The banks cannot, of course, loan the money of their savings depositors."
Graham Towers, former governor of the Bank of Canada
"Bankers live on debt. If there is no debt, there is no money and no interest."
Wright Patman (Former Chairman of the Congressional Joint Economic Committee)
See: "The Mystery Of Banking" by Murray Rothbard
"Most people have heard that in some mysterious manner banks can create money out of thin air, but few really understand how the process works. Few understand that all our money arises out of debt and IOU operations."
Dr. Paul Samuelson (Nobel laureate)
"...oddly enough, American paper money continues to be different from money elsewhere. In other countries, to use the pleasant description of Britain's Radcliffe Committee in 1959, currency is "the part of the National Debt on which no interest is paid"-the notes are obligations of an agency of the national government (the Bank of England was nationalized in 1946), and are printed to pay part of the expenses of government. But all the bills in an American's pocket are Federal Reserve Notes, obligations of one of the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, which are publicly controlled but privately "owned" by their member banks (The letter in the rosette on the gray side of the bill identifies the bank of issue.) The apparent result of this arrangement is that the United States Government unlike all the others in the world must pay interest on all its debt, a situation that infuriated Thomas A. Edison. "It is absurd, " he wrote, "to say that our country can issue thirty million dollars in bonds but not thirty million dollars in currency. Both are promises to pay. But one promise fattens the usurers, and the other helps the people."
Martin Mayer
The Bankers
"In my speeches as a governor of the Federal Reserve, one of my hardest tasks was to convince people of the fact that we do not know as much about money as people think."
Sherman Maisel
"It is no accident that banks resemble temples, preferably Greek, and that the supplicants who come to perform the rites of deposit and withdrawal instinctively lower their voices into thee registers of awe. Even the most junior tellers acquire with weeks of their employment the officiousness of hierophants tending an eternal flame. I don’t know how they becomes so quickly induced into the presiding mysteries, or who instructs hem in the finely articulated inflections of contempt for the laity, but somehow they learn to think of themselves as suppliers of the monetarized DNA that is the breath of life."
Lewis H. Lapham
Money and Class in America
See article:" Space-age Technology Can Correct the Money System" by Theordore R. Thoren From The Bent of Tau Beta Pi
"It is well enough that the people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning."
Henry Ford Sr.
"If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, and then by deflation, the banks and the corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their fathers occupied. The issuing power of money should be taken from the banks and restored to Congress and the people to whom it belongs."
Thomas Jefferson
"I have ever been the enemy of banks. My zeal against those institutions was so warm and open at the establishment of the Bank of the U.S. that I was derided as a Maniac by the tribe of bank-mongers, who were seeking to filch from the public their swindling, and barren gains."
-Thomas Jefferson (letter to John Adams)
"Capital must protect itself in every way, through combination and through legislation. Debts must be collected and loans and mortgages foreclosed as soon as possible. When, through a process of law, the common people have lost their homes, they will be more tractable and more easily governed by the central power of wealth, under control of leading financiers. By dividing the people we can get them to expend their energies in fighting over questions of no importance to us except as teachers of the common herd."
The Bankers Manifest of 1934
"In 1991, Lawrence Summers-then the World Bank's chief economist and later Bill Clinton's Treasury secretary-wrote a memo suggesting that the bank should encourage the world's dirty industries to move to developing countries. The forgone earnings of workers sickened or killed by pollution would be lower in low-wage countries, he noted, while people in poor countries also cared less about a clean environment. "The economic logic of dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest-wage country is impeccable, " he wrote."
Editorial New York Times Sept 24,2004
"Most commercial nations have found it necessary to institute banks; and they have proved to the happiest engines that ever were invented for advancing trade."
Alexander Hamilton (1781)
"Banks have done more injury to the religion, morality, tranquility, prosperity and even wealth of the nation than they can have done or ever will do good."
President John Adams (1819)
"The Federal Reserve System is treated by nearly all economists with reverence. On no matter is their instruction of the young in the subtlety and benignity of established institutions more admiring-or, in broad effect, more successful. Corporations are flawed by an instinct for monopoly. Trade unions interfere with the market, urge trade restrictions, resist new technology and thus obstruct progress, and they can fall victim to extortionists and racketeers. The regulatory agencies of the government are notably imperfect instruments of economic guidance. The Federal Reserve System is not totally above criticism. It makes many mistakes but these are always interesting errors of judgment. they are examined not critically but respectfully to discover why men of insight went wrong. That for such error anyone should be sacked or even seriously rebuked is, for economists, nearly unthinkable. This approval goes back to the origins and can be highly negligent of circumstance. The most widely read account of the genesis of the System tells glowingly of its birth in the closing weeks of 1913 when the Federal Reserve Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Wilson."
John Kenneth Galbraith
Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went
"Almost every aspect of its (Federal Reserve) history should be approached with a discriminating disregard for what is commonly taught or believed."
John Kenneth Galbraith
ibid
"Most Americans have no real understanding of the operation of the international money lenders. The accounts of the Federal Reserve System have never been audited. It operates outside the control of Congress and manipulates the credit of the United States."
-Barry Goldwater
"In the United States today we have, in effect, two governments.....we have the duly constituted government....then we have an independent, uncontrolled (by Congress) and uncoordinated (by Congress) government in the Federal Reserve System, operating the money powers which are reserved to Congress by the Constitution."
Wright Patman, ex-Chairman of House Banking Committee
"The sack of the United States by the Fed is the greatest crime in history."
Ex-Congressman McFadden
"There also exists another alliance-at first glance a strange one, a surprising one-but if you think about it, one which is well-grounded and easy to understand. This is the alliance between our communist leaders and your (monopoly) capitalists."
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
"Whereas in Russia the coercive machinery is represented by the GPU with its rifles and dungeons, in capitalism it is represented by the banking system with its cheques and overdrafts."
-Wilhelm Ropke (1899-1966) Crisis and Cycles
"And why are these men so ready to lend money for murdering their fellow men? Solely for this reason, viz, that such loans are considered better investments than loans for purposes of honest industry. They pay higher rates of interest; and it is less trouble to look after them. This is the whole matter.
The question of making these loans is, with these lenders, a mere question of pecuniary profit. They lend money to be expended in robbing, enslaving, and murdering their fellow men, solely because, on the whole, such loans pay better than any others."
Lysander Spooner
No Treason
"If we had a truth-in Government act comparable to the truth-in-advertising law, every note issued by the Treasury would be obliged to include a sentence stating: "This note will be redeemed with the proceeds from an identical note which will be sold to the public when this one comes due."
Walter Wriston (former Chairman of the Citicorp Bank)
"Banking was conceived in iniquity and born in sin. Bankers own the earth. Take it away from them, but leave them the power to create money, and with the flick of a pen, they will create enough money to buy it back again and again."
-Josiah Stamp Former President, Bank of England
This business of lending blood-money is one of the most thoroughly sordid, cold-blooded, and criminal that was ever carried on, to any considerable extent, amongst human beings. It is like lending money to slave traders, or to common robbers and pirates, to be repaid out of their plunder. And the men who loan money to governments, so called, for the purpose of enabling the latter to rob, enslave, and murder their people, are among the greatest villains that the world has ever seen. And they as much deserve to be hunted and killed (if they cannot otherwise be got rid of) as any slave traders, robbers, or pirates that ever lived.
When these emperors and kings, so-called, have obtained their loans, they proceed to hire and train immense numbers of professional murderers, called soldiers, and employ them in shooting down all who resist their demands for money. In fact, most of them keep large bodies of these murderers constantly in their service, as their only means of enforcing their extortions. There are now, I think, four or five millions of these professional murderers constantly employed by the so-called sovereigns of Europe. The enslaved people are, of course, forced to support and pay all these murderers, as well as to submit to all the other extortions which these murderers are employed to enforce.
Lysander Spooner
No Treason 1882
"Perhaps the fact were never made more evident, in any country on the globe than in our own, (U.S.) that these soulless blood-money loan-mongers are the real rulers; that they rule from the most sordid and mercenary motives; that the ostensible government, the presidents, senators, and representatives, so called, are merely their tools; and that no idea of, or regard for, justice or liberty had anything to do in inducing them to lend their money for the war. In proof of all this, look at the following facts.
Nearly a hundred years ago we professed to have got rid of all that religious superstition, inculcated by a servile and corrupt priesthood in Europe, that rulers, so called, derived their authority directly from Heaven; and that it was consequently a duty on the part of the people to obey them. We professed long ago to have learned that governments could rightfully exist only by the free will, and on the voluntary support of those who might choose to sustain them. We all professed to have known long ago, that the only legitimate objects of government were the maintenance of liberty and justice equally for all. All this we had professed for nearly a hundred years. And we professed to look with pity and contempt upon those ignorant, superstitious, and enslaved peoples of Europe, who were so easily kept in subjection by the frauds and force of priests and kings.
Notwithstanding all this, that we had learned, and known, and professed for nearly a century, these lenders of blood money had, for a long series of years previous to the war, been the willing accomplices of the slave-holders in perverting the government from the purposes of liberty and justice, to the greatest of crimes. They had been such accomplices for a purely pecuniary consideration, to wit, a control of the markets in the south; in other words, the privilege of holding the slave-holders themselves in industrial and commercial subjection to the manufactures and merchants of the North (who afterwards furnished the money for the war……..
Lysander Spooner
"The lesson taught by all these facts is this: As long as mankind continues to pay "national debts," so-called-that is, so long as they are such dupes and cowards as to pay for being cheated, plundered, enslaved and murdered-so long there will be enough to lend the money for those purposes; and with that money a plenty of tools, called soldiers, can be hired to keep them in subjection. But when they refuse any longer to pay for being thus cheated, plundered, enslaved and murdered, they will cease to have cheats, and usurpers, and robbers, and murderers and blood-money loan-mongers for masters."
Lysander Spooner
No Treason (1882)
"I received a trial copy of the November/December 2000 edition of your magazine, and while I hate to look a gift horse in the mouth, I will! I especially want to comment on the article "Bottom Feeders’ by Daniel W. Drezner *
Drezner demonstrates a curious form of myopia when he claims that "there is no evidence that corporations direct their investments to developing countries with lower labor or environmental standards." There are literally hundreds of examples of U.S. manufacturers that have shuttled from Central America to China, Pakistan, and finally to Myanmar, where their contractors pay kids 9 cents per hour.
Has he never heard of the term "structural adjustment policy"? It is all too familiar to over 1 billion of the world’s workers who struggle and suffer under bank-imposed policies, which force borrowing governments to curtail basic health, education, and food subsidies as a condition of their loans.
Max Bollock
Belmont California (letter to editor’ Foreign Policy ,Mar 2001)
*see article "Bottom Feeders" Foreign Policy Nov/Dec 2000
"Patman: Mr. Eccles, how did you get the money to buy those $2 billion of government securities? (Eccles…then Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1941)
Eccles: "We created it."Patman: "Out of what?"
Eccles: "Out of the right to issue credit money."
Congressional hearing Sept 30,1941
"I wonder if you all in New York know just what you are doing in backing Fascism in Italy. We had a taste of it last night here. A party of Fascists motored up from Rome armed with revolvers, rapiers and loaded whips, arrived at nine and proceeded to beat up with fierce brutality the peasants who could not produce a Fascisti card…If any peasant objects he is shot. This is happening all over the place. It seems funny for American money to be perpetuating it."
(a letter from Italy 1926 about American banking loans to Mussolini)
'1A great industrial nation is. controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation, therefore. and all our activities are in the hands of a few men, who, even if their actions be honest and intended for the public interest. are necessarily concentrated upon the great undertakings in which their own money is involved and who, necessarily, by every reason of their own limitations chill and check and destroy genuine economic freedom.
Woodrow Wilson 1911
"The apex of the system was to be the Bank of International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the world's central banks which were themselves private corporations. Each central bank, in the hands of men like Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, Benjamin Strong of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, Charles Rist of the Bank of France, and Hjalmar Schacht of the Reichbank, sought to dominate its government by its ability to control Treasury bonds, to manipulate foreign exchanges, to influence cooperative politicians by subsequent economic rewards in the business World."
Dr. Carroll Quigley
Tragedy and Hope
"Prosperity has no fixed limits. It is not a finite substance to be diminished by division. On the contrary, the more of it that other nations enjoy, the more each nation will have for itself."
Henry Morgenthau (Bretton Woods, April ,1944)
"As for Washington's insistence on fiscal purity, this was perhaps a trifle unseemly on the part of a nation which had financed so much of its own development by inflation, wild-cat paper money and bonds sold to foreign investors and subsequently repudiated. If the criteria of the International Monetary Fund had governed the United States in the nineteenth century, our own economic development would have taken a good deal longer. In preaching fiscal orthodoxy to developing nations, we were somewhat in the position of the prostitute who, having retired on her earnings, believes that public virtue requires the closing down of the red-light district."
Arthur Schlesinger
"The parable of the talents is a parable about power-about financial power- and it illuminates the great truth that all power is given to us to be used, not to be wrapped in a napkin against risk."
Robert McNamara (Washington Sept. 1968)
"If the US Government will have to bear ultimate responsibility for foreign loans of US banks, should it have more say than it now does over the direction of these loans before they are made?"
(Senate Foreign Relations Committee,1977)
"When we reject IMF conditions, we hear the threatening whisper: "Without accepting our conditions you will not get our money, and you will get no other money"....When did the IMF become an International Ministry of Finance? When did nations agree to surrender to it their power of decision-making?"
Julius Nyerere (President of Tanzania)
"....For there is, when you come down to it, always something slightly unsavory about the business of central banking. A market economy-even the Goldilocks economy of America in the 90's-requires that a certain number of people who want to work be unable to find jobs so that the example will discipline the wage demands of those who are already employed. Even liberal economists like myself grudgingly accept the conclusion that a responsible fed must sometimes raise interest rates in order to limit the number of jobs and maintain a suitably high rate of unemployment. But the scene remains an ugly one: when the Fed acts to cool off an overheated economy, What that literally means is that a group of comfortable men and women in suits are deliberately acting to limit the job prospects of some of their worst-off fellow citizens.
Paul Krugman
The Return of Depression Economies New York Times magazine May 23.1999
"A banker need not be popular; indeed a good banker in a healthy capitalist society should probably be much disliked. People do not wish to trust their money to a hail-fellow-well-met but to a misanthrope who can say no. However, a banker must not seem futile, ineffective, or vaguely foolish. In contrast with the stern power of Morgan in 1907, that was precisely how his successors seemed, or were made to seem, in 1929."
Kenneth Galbraith
"A 'sound' banker, alas! is not one who foresees danger and avoids it, but one who, when he is ruined, is ruined in a conventional and orthodox way along with his fellows, so that no one can really blame him."
-John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
"Lord Keynes in 1943 dreamed of an International Clearing Union that would give to the growth of international trade and the development of all the world's economies the advantage that unified banking systems had given to national economies. With the linkage of the Fed Funds and Eurodollar markets this dream has been accomplished-the mechanism looks American but in reality it is as impersonal and universal as the gold standard. Unfortunately, the dream is beginning to look more and more like a nightmare, a phantasmagoria of perpetual high interest rates and an inflation geometrically expanding until it bursts the taut skin of international enterprise and international civility."
Martin Mayer
The Bankers
"The name 'London Banker' had especially a charmed value. He was supposed to represent, and often did represent, a certain union of pecuniary sagacity and educated refinement which was scarcely to be found in any other part of society.....The calling is hereditary; the credit of the bank descends from father to son; this inherited wealth soon brings inherited refinement. Banking is a watchful, but not a laborious trade. A banker, even in large business ness, can feel pretty sure that all his transactions are sound, and yet have much spare mind. A certain part of his time, and a considerable part of his thoughts, he can readily devote to other pursuits. And a London banker can also have the most intellectual society in the world if he chooses it. There has probably very rarely ever been so happy a position as that of a London private banker; and never perhaps a happier."Walter Bagehot (1873)
"Globalization appears to increase poverty and inequality....The costs of adjusting to greater openness are borne exclusively by the poor: regardless of how long the adjustment takes."
-The World Bank ,1999
"Debts are not the kind of bond that can unite the world."
Herbert Feis, 1930
See: The Creature from Jekyll Island by G. Edward Griffin www.realityzone.com
JUBILEE FOR ALL
By Ruvik Rosenthal….the Hague, The Jerusalem Report, Oct 2, 1997
"For Awraham Soetendorp, the Biblical celebration of freedom every 50 years deserves to be more than an ancient memory. The influential Dutch rabbi, a leader in world ecumenicalism, believes the Jubilee should be revived internationally, with major efforts toward peace and equality. Soetendorp originally proposed 1995-which he calculated was the proper year by the Biblical calendar-as the Jubilee target date, but though 95 came and went without his idea catching on, Soetendorp I still pushing it, modified into a plan for a "Jubilee era" during the last years of the 20th century.’ Rabii Soetendorp, 54 , leader of the liberal Jewish Community in the Hague, first made the proposal in a 1988 book suggesting that in 1995 religious leaders from around the world should direct their spiritual powers to solve regional and local conflicts, help poor nations and convince rich countries to write off their poorer counterparts’ spiraling debts. He believed Christians and Muslims, as well as Jews, could embrace the Biblical injunction underlying his plan: "You shall hallow the 50th year. You shall proclaim liberty throughout the land for all its inhabitants" (Leviticus 25;10)
Like other utopian ideas, Soetendorp’s proposal could have been ignored or forgotten. Instead, it received the backing of a world group representing the three monotheistic religions and brought together figures few would expect to even speak with each other. The Global Forum, founded in 1982 in England, is chaired by Soetendorp, Senator Leticia Shahant of the Philippines, a Christian-and Sheikh Ahmad Kuftara, the grand mufti of Damascus. The organization has debated the Jubilee at numerous conferences-Soetendorp will speak about it when the Forum convenes in Turkey in October-and today is considering how "to make the idea practical," according to the rabbi.
"God wants us to do things," he says. "People everywhere are preparing themselves for the year 2000, expecting a new era, a new wave. There is increased activity against world hunger. I was asked by the leaders of FAO , the U.N. organization against hunger, to convene a meeting of religious leaders to discuss this problem. I believe the Jubilee era is a means for making the world a better place."
A veteran ecumenical activist. David Rosen, the former chief rabbi of Ireland and today acting director at the Israel office of the Anti-Defamation League, supports Soetendorp’s dream. "The Jubilee idea has humanitarian significance, and Judaism must bring it to the world’s attention." And he, like Soetendorp, thinks Jewish law can provide the impetus. "Halakah has always expanded the commandments, and given them universal relevance. Behind every Jewish value stands a universal one, which is applicable to all humanity."
Soetendorp offers a concrete plan to accomplish his goal of world harmony" "We need flexible peace troops, " he says. "Who will go to every conflict area and help the refugees and those who fight for peace. Most of humanity is attached to religion in some way or other. Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Jews-together we can establish a kind of moral religion that will change the world. Jews and Muslims together can be a leading force for global peace." Soetendorp sees the army operating within the framework of the United Nations; meanwhile, he has broached the idea with Dutch Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Hans van Mierlo.
The Jerusalem Report. Oct 2, 1997
The International Monetary Fund is campaigning for increased powers that would let it intervene directly in nations’ economies before these countries even get into serious trouble. The agency’s number two official says, "The whole idea is prevention."
Lord help us, the "whole idea" is similar to putting Typhoid Mary in charge of an effort to prevent food poisoning. The IMF is the problem. Its toxic prescriptions of devaluation and tax increases turn routine economic adjustments into devastating disasters. For three decades the Pacific Rim was a vibrant, expanding region. Today it is a smoldering ruin, thanks in no small part to IMF malpractice….."
Steve Forbes ,Editor-in-chief of Forbes
"The money power preys upon the nation in times of peace and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy. More insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. I see in the near future, a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. Corporations have been enthroned, an era of corruption will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until the wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the republic is destroyed."
- Abraham Lincoln
"Next week's meeting of the International Monetary Fund will bring to Washington .DC, many of the same demonstrators who trashed the World Trade Organization in Seattle last fall. They'll say the IMF is arrogant. They'll say the IMF doesn't really listen to the developing countries it is supposed to help. They'll say the IMF is secretive and insulated from democratic accountability. They'll say the IMF;'s economic 'remedies' often make things worse-turning slowdowns into recessions and recessions into depressions. And they'll have a point."
-Joseph Stiglitz (Nobel Prize recipient, former World Bank Senior vice president and chief economist, April 17, 2000)
"The IMF practices an economic totalitarianism which kills not with bullets, but with famine."
-Carlos Andres Perez (former President of Venezuela)
The conversion of the present unstable money system to a Treasury Credit Money System involves a much-need change of policy. The contribution of the engineering community is urgently required because of another important quality which Dr. Sunnunu identifies in the same article: "Another quality that engineers bring to policymaking is an intuitive understanding that there is a true difference between those solutions that are valid in the ideal world and those solutions that are valid in the real world……
The real world is crying out for monetary reform. The engineering community is equipped to respond. The question is: Will it?"
Theodore R. Thoren….
*THIS IS A GREAT IDEA! Read: The Truth in Money Book
Banks Are Richer than Countries "The world's top 50 companies recorded combined profits of $433 billion U.S. in 2005--up 27% from 2006. More than one-fifth were banks. Assessing the top global corporations solely by the value of the assets they control, banks accounted for 56% of the top 50 in 2005. Including diversified financial corporations (which offer many of the services of modern-day banking), they dominate the list, occupying 80% of the top slots. Their assets stack up higher than the economies of many nations, according to the Forbes 500 list.'
ODE Magazine May 2007 /Source : New Internationalist, Aug 2006
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Book: "Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence" by Tim Parks
Book: "The Knights Templar's: God's Warriors, the Devil's Bankers" by Frank Sanello
Book: "The Secret History of Lazard Freres & Co. William D. Cohan
Book: "WE Bankers" by Andrae Nordskog
Book: "The Devil's Broker: Seeking Gold, God, and Glory in Fourteenth-Century Italy" by Frances Stonor Saunders
Book: "Maxed Out: Hard Times, Easy Credit, and the Era of Predatory Lenders" by James Scurlock
Book: "The World's Banker: A Story of Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations" by Sebastian Mallaby
Book: "The Origins of Banking: The Primitive Bank of Deposit, 1200-1600, The Economics History Review, Vol.IV,No 4 (April 1934,by Abbot Payson Usher
Book: "The Confidence Game: How Unelected Central Bankers Are Governing the Changed Global Economy." By Steven Solomon
Book: "Alan Shrugged: Alan Greenspan, the World's Most Powerful Banker" by Jerome Tuccille
Book: "Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe 1989-1998" by Janine R. Wedel
Book: "The World's Banker: A Story of Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations" by Sebastian Mallaby
Book: "The Truth About Switzerland" by Angelo M. Codevilla
Book: "Morgan: American Financier" by Jean Strouse
Book: "Hot Money and the Politics of Debt" by R.T. Naylor
Book: "The Money Lenders: Banker's and a World In Turmoil" by Anthony Sampson
Book: "Hamilton's Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of our National Debt" by John Steele Gordon
Book: "Empire of Debt" by Bill Bonner
Book: "And The Money Kept Rolling In: Wall Street, the IMF and the Bankrupting of Argentina " by Paul Blustein
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